In cases where there is a fracture of the metal framework or even where the metal structure is in need of some repair after loss of an implant, for example, the laser welding process known as TIG and PAW is indicated. Laser welding is a safe process and can be accomplished around regions of ceramic […]

The use of dental implants in the rehabilitation of edentulous patients is a consolidated treatment modality with high success rates. However, a large proportion of people in the world lack access to this treatment, due to high costs. Research in optimization, simplification of the original Branemark protocol, such as the use of new technologies, alternative […]

Until the 1970s, the main material used in fixed and removable prostheses frameworks was gold; however, with the increase in the price of gold, lower-cost alloys were introduced, which were comprised of nickel, beryllium, and cobalt. Over the years, important issues have been reported in relation to the allergenic capacity of nickel and carcinogenic power […]

Although it is relatively common practice in dentistry to obtain one-piece cast frameworks in order to avoid the soldering step, it is a process that incorporates numerous errors and can lead to an unsatisfying result. One-piece cast metal frameworks over teeth should be avoided, because their apparent fit is at the expense of tooth movement, […]

Clebio Domingues da Silveira-JOnior, Morgana Guilherme de Castro, Leticia Resende Davi, Flavio Domingues das Neves, Verediana Resende Novais and Paulo Cezar Simamoto-JOnior Additional information is available at the end of the chapter http://dx. doi. org/10.5772/54256 1. Introduction Welding involves a metallurgical union process that relies on base metal fusion, i. e. the constituent metal of […]

In plasma, Rayleigh-Taylor instability can occur because the magnetic field acts as a light fluid supporting a heavy fluid (plasma), [41]. This is because the ion drift velocity U0 is in the direction of g x Bo. If a ripple in plasma develops on the interface as the result of random thermal fluctuations, the drift […]

К Ucpi Fingers can be accompanied with hydraulic jump (see figure 4). This is because pressure and density gradients are in opposite directions in the course of splashing, leading to RT instability. Allen [40] was the first to propose that the splashing of a droplet impact on a surface is an example of RT instability, […]

Studying hydraulic jump usually assumes liquid pressure to be hydrostatic pressure. Hydraulic jump occurs if the pressure gradient becomes increasingly adverse as the flow proceeds downstream. As sketched in figure 16(a), an increased liquid height (^ > h0 ) increases hydrostatic force (= pressure x height) against the downward flow, and decreases downward velocity to […]

Deformation of the free surface near the solidification front is responsible for rippling or humping. As illustrated in figure 15, an increase in liquid pressure due to a decreased surface flow from the central to rear edge of the pool give rise to deformation of the free surface near the solidification front. Subtracting Young-Laplace equation […]

All pure liquid metals and alloys containing minor surface active solutes such as O, S, Se, Te, et al. have negative surface tension coefficient (dy / dT < 0). As illustrated in figure 13, thermocapillary force balanced by viscous shear stress at the interface is given by dy dT ^ dn dT ds Figure 13. […]